Lunar Regions: Permittivity and Reflectivity (25–100 GHz)

IAU planetocentric coordinates: latitude (+N / –S), longitude (0–360° East). ε′ values are chemistry‑adjusted representative effective permittivities for 25–100 GHz; R is Fresnel normal‑incidence reflectivity (vacuum → regolith).

Region type Name Lat (°) Lon (°E) FeO wt% TiO₂ wt% ε′ (25–100 GHz) R (normal) Geological / rock notes
MareOceanus Procellarum 18.0302.0 15–183–5 4.20.118 Fe‑rich basalt, moderate Ti, thick mare flows
MareMare Imbrium 32.0345.0 14–172–4 4.10.114 Dense mare basalt, Imbrium impact melt
MareMare Serenitatis 27.018.0 17–204–8 4.40.125 Ti‑rich basalts, strong radar returns
MareMare Tranquillitatis 8.031.0 16–186–9 4.50.129 Very Ti‑rich basalt, high ε′
MareMare Nubium -20.0343.0 13–151–2 3.90.108 Older mare basalt, lower Ti
MareMare Crisium 17.059.0 13–162–4 4.00.111 Isolated mare basin, Fe‑rich
MareMare Fecunditatis -8.051.0 14–173–5 4.10.114 Fe/Ti moderate, smooth basalt
MareMare Humorum -24.0321.0 12–151–2 3.80.104 Small mare, thin basalt cover
MareMare Frigoris 56.01.0 10–121–2 3.60.096 Thin, mixed basaltic flows
MareMare Moscoviense 27.0148.0 10–121–2 3.60.096 Far‑side mare, Fe/Ti‑poor
MareMare Ingenii -33.0165.0 9–111–2 3.50.092 Far‑side mare patches
MareMare Marginis 13.086.0 11–131–2 3.70.100 Limb mare, mixed composition
MareMare Australe -39.093.0 8–10<1 3.40.088 Patchy southern mare, low Ti
MareMare Humboldtianum 57.081.0 10–121–2 3.60.096 Northern limb mare
MareMare Insularum 8.0330.0 14–162–4 4.00.111 Fe‑rich basalt near Imbrium
HighlandsNear‑side Highlands 30.0350.0 4–6<1 2.90.066 Feldspathic crust, anorthosite‑dominated
HighlandsFar‑side Highlands 0.0180.0 2–4<1 2.60.053 Very Fe‑poor, nearly pure anorthosite
HighlandsSouth Pole–Aitken Rim -53.0192.0 6–8<1 3.20.079 Mafic‑rich impact melt, deep crustal material
HighlandsOrientale Basin Rim -20.0270.0 5–7<1 3.10.075 Multi‑ring basin structure, impact melt and breccias
HighlandsMarius Hills Highlands 13.0303.0 5–71–2 3.10.075 Volcanic domes, pyroclastic deposits nearby
HighlandsMontes Apenninus 28.05.0 4–6<1 2.90.066 Crystalline highlands, Imbrium rim
HighlandsMontes Caucasus 38.010.0 4–6<1 2.90.066 Feldspathic massif between Imbrium and Serenitatis
HighlandsMontes Alpes 48.03.0 4–6<1 2.90.066 Highland ridge near Plato and Vallis Alpes
HighlandsMontes Rook -20.0265.0 5–7<1 3.10.075 Inner ring of Orientale basin
HighlandsMontes Cordillera -18.0260.0 5–7<1 3.10.075 Outer ring of Orientale basin
HighlandsDescartes Highlands -10.015.0 4–6<1 2.90.066 Apollo 16 site, breccias and highland regolith
HighlandsLeibnitz Mountains -70.0180.0 3–5<1 2.80.064 Far‑side polar massif, anorthositic
HighlandsDoerfel Mountains -65.090.0 3–5<1 2.80.064 South polar highlands, rugged terrain
HighlandsMontes Jura 47.0315.0 4–6<1 2.90.066 Imbrium rim segment, highland scarp
HighlandsMontes Haemus 20.015.0 4–6<1 2.90.066 Highland ring around Mare Serenitatis
CraterTycho -43.311.2 8–10<1 3.40.088 Young, blocky ejecta, high CPR
CraterCopernicus 9.6339.9 9–11<1 3.50.092 Fresh crater, blocky ejecta, strong radar returns
CraterKepler 8.1322.0 8–10<1 3.40.088 Young ray crater in Oceanus Procellarum
CraterAristarchus 23.7312.5 10–121–2 3.70.100 Volcanic pyroclastics, high Fe/Ti, bright crater
CraterPlato 51.6350.0 6–8<1 3.10.075 Dark basaltic floor, mare‑like infill
CraterClavius -58.8351.0 5–7<1 3.00.072 Old, degraded crater in southern highlands
CraterGassendi -17.5339.9 7–91–2 3.30.084 Mare‑flooded floor, fractures, mixed basalt/highland material
CraterGrimaldi -5.4292.0 6–81–2 3.20.079 Dark floor, basaltic infill, complex geology
CraterSchrodinger -75.0132.4 8–10<1 3.30.084 Young basin interior, impact melt and mafic material
CraterShackleton -89.90.0 3–5<1 2.80.064 Polar crater, cold traps, low Fe/Ti, possible ice influence
CraterHumboldt -27.080.9 6–8<1 3.20.079 Large far‑side crater, complex floor
CraterLangrenus -8.961.0 7–9<1 3.30.084 Fresh crater with bright ejecta on eastern limb
CraterTheophilus -11.426.4 7–9<1 3.30.084 Deep central peak, excavated mafic material
CraterPetavius -25.060.4 6–8<1 3.20.079 Floor‑fractured crater, possible magmatic intrusion
CraterMoretus -70.65.0 5–7<1 3.00.072 Southern highland crater, rugged ejecta

Note: FeO and TiO₂ ranges are representative, not exact local measurements. ε′ and R are conservative, chemistry‑informed estimates suitable as baseline inputs for modeling; local variability, porosity, blockiness, and temperature can shift values by ~±20–30%.